Evidence for the oldest continuously practised religious ceremony has been unearthed in a cave of the Aboriginal GunaiKurnai. They haven’t used it for shelter, but for secluded retreats by magic practitioners known as mulla-mullung. Archaeologists found two miniature fireplaces dated 11,000 & 12,000 years old, ringed by limestone rocks and each containing a single stick of Casuarina wood stripped of side branches and smeared with fatty tissue.
Normally when archaeologists find strange things, they are labelled ‘cultic’ or ‘ritual’ without hope of corroborating evidence. So it is difficult to date the beginning of religious behaviour. But in this case a living community can identify the ritual. Ethnographers have documented this practice since the 1800s. When someone is ‘bewitched’, objects lopped from or touched by them are attached to the piece of wood and burnt briefly with some human or animal fat. Article at https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2024-07-02/gunaikurnai-ritual-fireplaces-sticks-cloggs-cave-archaeology/104034756 Image from: https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-cave-ritual-from-10000-years-ago-may-be-worlds-oldest-tradition Paper at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01912-w
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