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Particles of Faith

Some news items that grabbed our attention and may interest you and stimulate thought and debate.  Please comment but keep it respectful.

MILITARY agree with scientic threats

10/2/2026

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A newly released UK Government military assessment agrees with scientists that environmental tipping points are the biggest cause of societal instability. Water shortage and famine leads to military adventurism and immigration. The World Economic Forum puts environmental concerns at the top of its list of 10-year risk factors. But politicians measure consequences by change in GDP which paradoxically increases after a disaster, due to recovery spending - so they miss the primary cause of problems. Perhaps that's why the report wasn't made public till a freedom of information request forced its release.

Article at: https://news.mongabay.com/2026/02/tipping-points-and-ecosystem-collapse-are-the-real-geopolitical-risk-commentary
UK Military Report at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nature-security-assessment-on-global-biodiversity-loss-ecosystem-collapse-and-national-security

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Proof the universe is more than maths

2/11/2025

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A new mathematical proof shows the universe is based on more than mathematical calculations. 
     
Physicist Mir Faizal of the University of British Columbia led a team that not only showed we haven’t yet found a "Theory of Everything": they showed it is impossible. Many have tried to link Einstein’s General & Special Relativity to the mathematics of quantum physics. These accurately describe events in astronomy and events inside an atom, but linking them into a “Theory of Everything" has proved difficult. Faizal’s team point out the failure of string theory and loop quantum gravity etc before proving that all future theories will also fail.
    They showed that however future theories are created, they'll entail elements that are subject to Gödel's incompleteness theorem, Tarski's 1933 undefinability theorem, or Chaitin's incompleteness theorem. This means they can never be proved computationally.
    
This conclusion means that the universe is based on more than just calculations, and the future cannot be predicted from its present state alone. 
    
This prompts the question: If mathematical calculations don't determine exactly what happens in the future, then what (or who) does?

Article at
https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-just-ruled-out-the-universe-being-a-simulation
and at https://news.ok.ubc.ca/2025/10/30/ubco-study-debunks-the-idea-that-the-universe-is-a-computer-simulation/
Paper at https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22950


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a gene for obesity

12/9/2025

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Obesity and gout are due largely to our lack of the gene making uricase, which apes lost so they could get more energy from fruit. Gene editing can restore it, and our body still remembers how to use it.
.     Apes need energy for their larger brains while living on a diet of fruit. Losing this gene enabled them to turn fructose (fruit sugar) into fat - which is why ‘energy’ drinks make us obese. We need this energy because our bigger brains use 20% of our total - and we store any excess energy in case of famine.
.    Gout - arthritis from urate crystals in our joints - affects 1/25 adults. The extra uric acid that we and apes can't metabolise comes mainly from red meat and beer. Apes don't consume these but humans need occasional extra energy to feed our bigger brains. 
.    Perhaps evolution or gene editing will one day fix this, so we don't get obese or gout this. But in the meantime we could eat differently - though this takes more than increased brain power.

Article at:
htps://www.livescience.com/health/genetics/gene-that-human-ancestors-lost-millions-of-years-ago-could-help-treat-gout
Papers at:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-10551-8
https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fj.13-243634
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orangutan tools and language are still developing

28/5/2025

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Wild Orangutans have surprisingly complex language and tool skills. 
     A study in 2024 focused on the language of the wild Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), especially in the “long call”. They found two levels of rhythmic hierarchy, which implies recursion. That is, it contained standard elements that were organised into different units, like our words are organised into phrases.  Another study of wild female Sumatran orangutans found three levels - as if those phrases were organised into sentences.
     They only have a few fundamental units, unlike our hundreds of thousands of words. Their language is more like short sections of classical music which has 12 notes organised into phrases which are rearranged into different motifs. Their language also uses different rhythms and speeds for different types of messages. The researchers (Adriano Lameira et al) conjecture they share the neurological structures used for human language and song. 
     They can also use spears for fishing. Chimpanzees have sharpened sticks with their teeth to impale bush babies for food, when they are hiding in holes. But Orangutans have taken this further by attempting to spear moving fish, which they appear to have learned by mimicking humans.
        Orangutans separated from the hominid line about 15m years ago - about four times our distance from 3.2m year-old Lucy. But like us, they have been changing in the mean time. And it appears they are continuing to learn. 

Article on language:
https://theconversation.com/what-the-hidden-rhythms-of-orangutan-calls-can-tell-us-about-language-new-research-257400

Paper on language:
https://elifesciences.org/articles/88348

Article on spearfishing:
https://primatology.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/orangutan-photographed-using-tool-as-spear-to-fish/

         


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Evangelical non-Environmentalism

27/2/2025

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Most American Evangelicals still don’t believe they share any responsibility for global warming or think it is worth fixing.
The authoritative 2023-24 Religious Landscape Study (RLS) is now published. They asked 37 thousand Americans which of two statements comes closest to their view:
1) “Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy,” or
2) “Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost.”
Atheists (87%) and agnostics (83%) support stricter environmental regulations but Evangelicals (44%) are least likely to say they are worth the cost.
      They were also asked whether:
1) “The Earth is getting warmer mostly because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels”; 2) “The Earth is getting warmer mostly because of natural patterns in the Earth’s environment”; or
3) “There is no solid evidence that the Earth is getting warmer.”
Evangelicals (28%) are 
least likely to believe the Earth is getting warmer mostly due to human activity. 

Report and detailed results: www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/02/26/religion-and-views-on-the-environment
Contrary Christian & Biblical viewpoints at the Faith & Thought forum on Environmentalism
 - www.faithandthought.org/2025-lecture-series.html
Online talks on March 13, 20, 27, April 3 plus an online and in-person open debate on April 10
 - www.ticketsource.co.uk/faith-and-thought/e-lqvolv

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why egyptians threw away their their brains

13/1/2025

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  Ancient Egyptian mummies had no brain.  It was discarded with the blood. All other organs were preserved in canopic jars beside the mummy. This style of preservation for eternity was carried out from about 3500 BC and became popular even for middle-class Egyptians till about 500 AD. But no-one ever thought to keep the brain. Perhaps, like early Greeks, they regarded it as a heat sink.
 
        Mummies are no longer unwrapped. They are CT-scanned. This reveals not only bones and surviving tissue, but often dozens of objects called ‘amulets’. These are now scanned at high resolution and 3D-printed for examination. A flat anatomically shaped golden tongue is common - presumably to enable speech in the afterlife. An amulet shaped like two fingers is often placed by the incision where organs were removed. Others aren't anatomically shaped, and are found spread throughout the body, sometimes made of clay. They can be shaped like scarabs (representing the resurrection god Khper), or tiny flasks, cylinders, pebbles, or like the eye of Horos.
         The heart is represented by the largest amulet, often inscribed with parts of the Book of the Dead.  The heart was considered the centre of thought and intentions in the ancient world. The Egyptian god Ma'at weighed the heart to see if it was heavy with sin.
  
         So the brain was inconsequential. Ancient Egyptians didn't even have a word for it. The Bible doesn’t mention the brain either. It talks about the mind and thoughts, and even Jesus says they come from within our hearts (Matthew 15:19). This isn’t inaccuracy - he accurately conveyed his meaning in terms his hearers understood. Jesus taught salvation, not science. 

Article:
www.sciencealert.com/ancient-mummies-with-golden-tongues-revealed-in-stunning-discovery 

Paper on the modern process and an example:
www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1028377/full

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The theology of Gavin and Stacey

30/12/2024

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So...this is a decidedly off-topic post for Faith & Thought but it does at least address a topical issue, as the BBC has just screened the 'Finale' (we'll see) of Gavin and Stacey to 12.3 million viewers on Christmas Day.  (Spoiler alert for what follows if you have yet to see this show and plan to do so).

On the principle that if all things are in God then everything has a 'theology' what does the popularity of this show say about the beliefs of mainstream popular culture? On the simplest level there is the unremitting 'feel-good-ness' of it all, much smiling and partying and hugging - for the central characters that is. What is valued is 'family' and 'togetherness', a clique within which Nessa is an indispensable member, But perhaps the standout performance of the piece is Laura Aikman's portrayal of the arch-villain Sonia, a vacuous, selfish and controlling character. Devoid of redeeming qualities, she is eventually rejected by the in-group and forgotten about. Now while it is true that drama often needs a good villain to keep the action moving, it was striking to this reviewer just how unsympathetically she is depicted, and how thoroughly she is 'othered' by the group.  Although her character has behaved badly for many years, it seems that no-one from the wider group has sought to understand her motivations, or challenge her, or extend love towards her. She is left with no hope of redemption, and there is no glimmer of feeling sorry for her once she is ditched at the altar, as the dramatist's attention moves on and her character is forgotten.

The parallels of this lightweight TV show with Rene Girard's theory of mimetic desire are surprisingly strong (1). Smithy spends most of the episode uncertain about where his heart truly lies and it is only when the wedding celebrant (somewhat unbelievably) takes a straw poll of the opinions of the gathered witnesses that he comes to accept that it is really Nessa he desires, not Sonia. Having bowed to this mimetic desire, which cements the group identity, the only appropriate response towards Sonia is to scapegoat her. This is done seemingly without violence, but only because the emotional and psychological injury done to Sonia is not explored (2). As the in-group races from the ceremony to chase Smithy's true love, there is no reaction shot of Sonia, no invitation to understand her or to rehabilitate her. The show ends with a 'family photo' of the key characters, the in-group has been preserved and strengthened through its rejection of the unloved (admittedly unlovely, though still human) outsider.

It is unusual to see scapegoating celebrated quite so uncritically, and stranger still that it should provide the centrepiece to the most popular British television entertainment this Christmas. But it serves as a powerful reminder that the theology of much popular culture is still saturated with an ideology based on divisions between us and them, whereas the Christ-child came to bring reconciliation and mutual understanding.

(1) René Girard, I See Satan Fall like Lightning, 10. printing (New York: Orbis Books. 2001).
(2) violenceandreligion.com/mimetic-theory/
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Immigrant benefits

26/12/2024

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The current migration from Africa is the largest since  humans almost went extinct. A million years ago, an ice age caused a drought in Africa that narrowed our population to about 1200 individuals. It took a hundred thousand years to regain a stable population, according to new studies of ancient DNA.
     Their numbers grew significantly thanks to migration out of Africa through Israel about 100,000 years ago. They differentiated into Neanderthals in Europe and into Denisovans in Asia.
     These interbred with the second main wave of African immigrants 50,000 years later, and produced modern Europeans and Asians. 
       These early immigrants totaled only a few thousand individuals, while today’s Europe contains 11 million who were born in Africa. What will this latest migration result in?


Paper in Science:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7487
Article on prehistoric genetics:
https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/humans-almost-went-extinct-930000-years-ago-study-finds/
Article on prehistoric migrations:
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1070/early-human-migration


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2025 Faith and Thought Lectures...

6/11/2024

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We are hosting four online lectures and a fifth 'plenary session' which will be held in person and online to discuss:Environmentalism and Eschatology...not the end of the world?
Each lecture will approach the subject from a differenct angle, click the images below to register and get the Zoom login details for each lecture.
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Conflict over genetics

30/10/2024

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Religious conflicts can obstruct science. A genetics paper has been rejected after peer approval, because the conclusions were  perceived as politically biased. It showed the genetic background of Palestinians matched that of ancient Jews. This conclusion is established by at least four other high-quality published studies (links below).
  Palestinians are descended from Jews who remained in the land when others dispersed after Rome destroyed Jerusalem in AD 70. When Islamic armies arrived in AD 636, most of them changed religion, but their genes remained Jewish.
  This has been reported by Palestinian and Jewish publications, but continued conflict has made these findings inappropriate.
Articles:
  • Palestinian Centre for Rapprochement:
    https://imemc.org/article/the-law-of-return-and-the-zionist-campaign-to-subvert-science/

  • Jewish newspaper HaAretz (in English)
    https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/2015-10-20/ty-article/0000017f-dc0e-df9c-a17f-fe1e57730000 

Science Papers:
  • Human Immunology, 2001 (retracted though it passed peer review)
    https://europepmc.org/article/med/11543891 (only the Abstract remains)

  • American Journal of Human Genetics, 2010:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3032072/  

  • Nature, 2010:
    https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09103.pdf  

  • Journal Human Genetics, 2012:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3543766/  

  • Genome Biology and Evolution, 2013:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3595026/


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